Kernel vitreousness and protein content: Relationship,interaction and synergistic effects on durum wheat quality

Four sets of durum samples were used in this study to further understand the interrelationships among hard vitreous kernels (HVK), protein content, and pigment concentration, with a focus on the interaction and synergistic effects of protein content and vitreousness on durum quality. HVK level increases with higher protein content in the range of 9.5–12.5%, but this relationship is less evident in durum samples with high protein content (12.5–14.5%). Both protein content and kernel vitreousness can significantly affect durum milling quality. White starchy kernels (WSK) in low protein durum have a very detrimental impact on milling and pasta processing quality, but high protein content can mitigate the adverse impact of WSK on durum quality. Although protein content plays a dominant role, higher HVK might contribute positively to pasta firmness. There was no significant difference in yellow pigment content between HVK and WSK. However, pigment loss from semolina to dough was higher for WSK than HVK. Despite the difference in protein content, HVK and WSK have little difference in gluten strength. The monomeric protein was preferentially accumulated in HVK. The glutenin proteins of HVK and WSK were similar in the ratios of 1Bx/1By and HMW/LMW-GS.     

百脉根种子硬实处理与耐藏性的探讨

地百脉根种子硬实用不同方法处理和对不同贮藏时间种子耐藏性的测定结果表明：贮藏１年种子含硬实率５９．３％。经擦破种皮或硫酸浸种处理，硬实率明显下降，发芽势，发芽率显著提高；种子随贮藏期的增长，硬实率明显下降，其发芽势，发芽率，活力指数以及直播出苗率，幼细苗存活率等亦随贮藏时间的延长而下降；种子电导值则随贮藏时间的延长而增大。     

软硬物质分离技术及其关键设备的研究

根据农副产品加工技术的现状以及现有典型设备的适用范围和特点,介绍了农副产品软硬物质分离机的结构和工作原理.该机解决了现有同类设备加工品种单一的问题,可以用在农副产品、水产品加工领域,具有分离效果好、含杂质率低、产品产出率高和结构独特等特点.     

多花木蓝和二色胡枝子种子硬实特性与活力关系的研究

将多花木蓝和二色胡枝子种子在恒温25℃下吸胀,每24 h取出吸胀种子,14 d后未吸胀的种子为硬实种子(H)。硬实种子切破种皮后吸胀24 h,与非硬实种子进行发芽试验和各项活力指标测定。结果显示,每日内吸胀的种子数量随时间推移以一定的比例下降,多花木蓝种子吸胀相对缓慢,第5天以后吸胀率降到1%以下,胡枝子种子第3天以后吸胀率就降到1%以下。2种牧草种子都显示出硬实种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数、脱氢酶活性、酸性磷酸酯酶活性均高于非硬实种子,而电导率值、浸出液可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量低于非硬实种子,这表明硬实种子的活力高于非硬实种子。而非硬实种子中,根据以上各活力指标判断,晚吸胀的种子比早吸胀的种子活力高。     

A review of non-chemical weed control on hard surfaces

Weed control research to date has mainly focused on arable land, especially regarding herbicides, but also regarding non‐chemical methods. Some of these experiences can be applied to hard surface areas. However, weeds on hard surface areas cause problems that are different from those on arable land. Additionally, crop tolerance does not need to be considered when choosing an appropriate weed control method on these areas. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge of weeds and weed control methods on hard surface areas and reveal potential ways of advancement. One of the shortcomings of non‐chemical weed control on hard surfaces thus far, is a lack of proper definition of efficiency of the weed control methods. To obtain effective control, more frequently repeated treatments are required than chemical weed management, thereby increasing the costs of labour and fuel. One way to reduce costs can be by adjusting the level of control to the required visual street quality. Weeds are adapted to the hard surface environment and may be less susceptible to certain control methods. This review indicates that for efficient weed control on hard surfaces there is a need for combining weed control techniques, applying sensors for detecting weeds, adapting the energy dose to type of weed flora and prevention of weeds by improved construction of new surfaces.     

不同硬实程度的刺槐种子活力差异性研究

以始温 80℃水浸种 1～ 4d吸胀的刺槐种子视为不同硬实程度的种子T1 、T2 、T3及T4 ,与第 4天仍未吸胀的刺槐硬实种子 (记作Tr)为试材对其种子活力差异性进行研究。结果表明 :随着硬实程度的提高 ,即Tr>T4 >T3>T2 >T1 ,种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、呼吸速率呈上升趋势 ;而电导率呈下降趋势。通过测定人工逆境 (盐胁迫、低温、人工老化 )处理种子的SOD酶活性和MDA含量 ,发现硬实种子具有较高的抗逆性 ,且其抗逆性随硬实程度的增高而增强 ,进一步证实了硬实种子具有较高的活力水平。指出硬实种子在生产上具有潜在的应用价值     

中间锦鸡儿硬枝扦插试验

以中间锦鸡儿为材料进行了硬枝扦插试验,在珍珠岩和粗沙2种不同的基质上进行扦插,分别采用不同浓度的吲哚丁酸(IBA)、奈乙酸(NAA)、ABT1#、ABT2#生根粉进行处理。试验表明:粗沙硬枝扦插较为理想,平均生根率较珍珠岩提高14.1%;不同激素种类对中间锦鸡儿硬枝插穗生根情况影响极显著,珍珠岩基质上扦插,以ABT1#100 ppm和200 ppm生根效果最佳;粗沙基质上扦插,处理浓度以IBA 1000 ppm、ABT1#500 ppm、ABT2#500 ppm对中间锦鸡儿硬枝扦插生根效果最佳。     

硬岩抗剪强度参数的最优化确定法

为了减小岩工程分析计算的工作量和节约研究经费,须利用有限的室内实验样本的测定值,通过对有限实验样本数据的回归分析整理,确定岩石抗剪强度参数c、φ,进而估计岩体的抗剪强度c、φ.由于试验方法、试验条件等有一定局限性,因而,岩石力学参数的试验结果具有一定的不确定性.其不确定性包含随机性和模糊性.而用传统的数理统计方法处理岩石样本值,显然是不合适的,只有通过寻求最优的数学回归分析方法,来处理相关试验结果.笔者通过对硬岩变角度剪切实验和常规三轴压缩实验的数据回归分析,得到利用最小二乘法的抛物线回归分析结果和随机-模糊回归分析结果比较符合.因而,为了优化计算结果而又避免繁琐的计算,通常可以采用最小二乘法的抛物线回归分析计算代替随机-模糊回归分析相关结果.